What is the name of the real-life case that Arthur Conan Doyle helped overturn in 1906?

The real-life case Arthur Conan Doyle helped overturn in 1906 was the George Edalji case.

George Edalji was a solicitor from Great Wyrley, Staffordshire, who was convicted in 1903 of maiming a pony and connected with threatening letters. He received a sentence of seven years’ penal servitude, despite serious doubts about the evidence. The animal attacks reportedly continued while he was imprisoned, weakening the case against him.

Doyle began investigating after learning of Edalji’s plight. He examined the evidence, interviewed people connected with the prosecution, and argued publicly that Edalji’s poor eyesight made the alleged nighttime attacks implausible. Doyle published articles about the case in The Daily Telegraph in January 1907, helping build pressure for official reconsideration.

Edalji received a pardon in 1907, although the inquiry did not completely clear every allegation against him and awarded no compensation. The case is often described as a miscarriage of justice rather than a simple modern-style exoneration. It also helped expose the need for an appeals mechanism, contributing to the creation of the Court of Criminal Appeal in 1907. Oscar Slater was another man Doyle later supported, but his case was separate.