What is the name of the Greek goddess equivalent to the Roman Venus?

Aphrodite is the Greek goddess equivalent to the Roman Venus. Both are associated chiefly with love, beauty, desire, sexuality, fertility, and—in some traditions—prosperity and victory.

The Romans adopted and reshaped many stories and artistic features associated with Aphrodite. The identification became especially important in the third century BC, when the Roman cult of Venus Erycina was connected with the Greek sanctuary of Aphrodite at Mount Eryx in Sicily. Over time, Greek myths and imagery were adapted into Roman literature and religion.

Aphrodite's mythology was not identical to Venus's earliest Roman role. Venus originally had strong associations with agricultural fertility, vegetation, and spring. Roman tradition later made her the mother of Aeneas, the Trojan hero regarded as an ancestor of the Roman people. Julius Caesar promoted Venus as his divine ancestor through Aeneas's son Iulus, giving the goddess an important political role in Roman history.