The ancient supercontinent that later broke apart into today’s continents was Pangaea. It assembled during the late Paleozoic Era and began breaking apart during the early Mesozoic Era, eventually producing the continental arrangement we recognize today.
Pangaea brought nearly all of Earth’s landmasses together in one vast supercontinent surrounded by a global ocean called Panthalassa. A large embayment known as the Tethys Sea lay along part of its eastern side. The name Pangaea comes from Greek roots meaning “all Earth.”
Pangaea did not split in a single event. Continental rifting gradually opened new ocean basins, including the Atlantic, as tectonic plates moved. Gondwana and Laurasia were major landmasses produced during the breakup, so they are related answers but not the name of the original unified supercontinent. Earlier supercontinents such as Rodinia existed long before Pangaea.