The Amazon River is the longest river in South America, flowing through Brazil and Peru before reaching the Atlantic Ocean.
The river begins in the Andes and crosses a vast basin covered partly by the Amazon rainforest. Its exact source and total length have been debated because several Andean headwaters compete for recognition, but the Amazon is universally recognized as the largest river by discharge and drainage-basin area. It releases more water into the ocean than any other river on Earth.
The Amazon system passes through or borders Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Guyana through its tributaries and basin. Its main channel is navigable by ocean-going vessels for much of its lower course, helping connect inland communities with Atlantic ports.
The river was named after the Spanish expedition led by Francisco de Orellana in the 16th century. He reported battles with Indigenous women and compared them with the Amazons of Greek mythology. The river’s enormous floodplain and seasonal water-level changes support highly specialized wildlife and human cultures.