The Chinese name for the paper traditionally used in calligraphy and painting is Xuan paper.
In Chinese, it is called xuānzhǐ (宣纸), literally “paper of Xuan.” The name refers to Xuan Prefecture, the historical region associated with its production, especially Jing County in present-day Anhui. Xuan paper was associated with the Tang dynasty and became renowned for its smooth texture, strength, and ability to absorb ink without quickly disintegrating.
The paper is not simply made from rice, despite the common English nickname “rice paper.” Traditional Xuan paper has relied heavily on the bark of the wingceltis tree (Pteroceltis tatarinowii), while rice, bamboo, and mulberry may also appear in different recipes. Its absorbency varies by treatment: raw Xuan paper spreads ink readily, while sized or “ripe” paper gives artists more control.
Xuan paper is one of the Four Treasures of the Study, alongside the brush, ink, and inkstone. It is used for hanging scrolls, albums, paintings, and calligraphic works, and its craftsmanship was recognized by UNESCO in 2009.