What currency did Finland introduce in 1860 as a unit separate from the Russian ruble?

Finland introduced the Finnish markka in 1860 as a monetary unit separate from the Russian ruble.

Finland was an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire when the markka was established. The currency initially circulated alongside the ruble, but a later monetary reform strengthened its independent status. One markka was divided into 100 penni.

The markka’s name is related to an old Germanic weight term and was also used by several other currencies in northern Europe. Finland eventually linked the markka to gold in the late nineteenth century, although wartime disruption and later economic pressures changed its monetary system.

Finland replaced the markka with the euro. Euro cash entered circulation in Finland, as in other participating countries, on 1 January 2002. The Finnish markka and the Finnish penni are therefore historical units rather than current Finnish money.