What condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine?

What condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine? Scoliosis is the answer.

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity whose most visible feature is a sideways curve in the coronal plane. The curve often forms a C or S shape and may include rotation of the vertebrae and rib cage. It commonly appears during the growth spurt before or during puberty.

Most cases are called idiopathic because no single cause is identified, although genetics and growth patterns appear to contribute. Other cases can result from congenital abnormalities, neuromuscular conditions, connective-tissue disorders, or age-related degeneration. Doctors assess suspected scoliosis with physical examination and standing X-rays; the Cobb angle measures the curve's severity.

Scoliosis is commonly confused with kyphosis and lordosis. Kyphosis is an exaggerated forward rounding of the upper back, while lordosis is an exaggerated inward curve, usually in the lower back. Mild scoliosis may only require observation, whereas growing children with larger or progressing curves may need bracing or, in severe cases, surgery.