What mineral is essential for strong bones and teeth?

Calcium is the mineral essential for strong bones and teeth. Almost all of the body's calcium is stored in bones and teeth, where it combines with phosphate in a hard mineral structure that provides strength and rigidity.

Calcium is not only a building material. Small amounts circulating in the blood help muscles contract, nerves transmit signals, blood clot, and the heart function normally. Because the body cannot manufacture calcium, it must obtain it from food or supplements when necessary.

Vitamin D is a common source of confusion: it is not the mineral that forms the main hard structure, but it helps the intestines absorb calcium. Milk and yogurt are familiar sources, while leafy greens, canned fish with bones, calcium-set tofu, and fortified foods can also contribute. Long-term inadequate intake can weaken bones and increase osteoporosis risk, but more calcium is not automatically better.