What artistic movement is Georgia O'Keeffe most closely associated with?

Georgia O'Keeffe is most closely associated with American modernism.

Her paintings, drawings, and watercolors helped establish a distinctly American form of modernist art during the early twentieth century. She simplified natural subjects into powerful shapes and used cropping, scale, abstraction, and intense color to make familiar forms appear unfamiliar.

O'Keeffe worked in several modes rather than following one fixed formula. Her early charcoal abstractions were among the first purely abstract works produced by an American artist. Later she painted flowers, New York skyscrapers, animal bones, clouds, and New Mexico landscapes while retaining a modernist interest in structure and perception.

She is sometimes labeled a Surrealist because of her dreamlike compositions and because she knew artists associated with European avant-garde movements. However, she was not generally classified as a Surrealist. Her career is more accurately placed within American modernism, with an independent style that resisted simple movement labels.