Knowledge Day is traditionally observed on September 1 as the school-year opening in Russia and many former Soviet states.
The date is especially important for children entering first grade, who often attend a ceremonial assembly with flowers, speeches, and a symbolic first school bell. The day also marks the transition from the summer holiday into the academic year.
Knowledge Day originated in the Soviet Union. Its official establishment as a holiday was set by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 15, 1984. After the Soviet Union dissolved, several independent countries continued observing the tradition.
September 1 is not universal across the region. Romania traditionally begins on September 11, while Azerbaijan and Bulgaria traditionally use September 15. Local calendars can also change the practical first day when September 1 falls on a weekend or when education authorities set different schedules.