The rededication of the Temple is described in Chapter 4 of 1 Maccabees.
The main account runs through 1 Maccabees 4:36–59. After defeating Seleucid forces, Judas Maccabeus and his brothers returned to Jerusalem and found the sanctuary desolate, the altar desecrated, the gates burned, and the priestly chambers damaged.
The priests purified the sanctuary, removed the polluted stones, built a new altar, and restored the sacred vessels and furnishings. On 25 Kislev in the year 148 of the Seleucid era—164 BCE—the altar was dedicated with sacrifices, music, and public celebration. The festivities lasted eight days.
Verse 59 records the decision to observe the anniversary every year, establishing the festival associated with Hanukkah. A common mix-up is with 2 Maccabees, which also recounts the Temple’s purification and rededication, in chapter 10. In 1 Maccabees, however, the detailed rededication narrative is concentrated in Chapter 4.