In Carroll’s chess scheme for Through the Looking-Glass, Alice is a White pawn.
The sequel uses a chessboard as its organizing structure, replacing the playing-card imagery that dominates Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Alice begins as a pawn and advances across the landscape, with each major stage of her journey corresponding to a move toward the opposite side of the board. Reaching the far rank allows her to become a queen.
Carroll included a chess composition at the beginning of the book and explained how its pieces correspond to characters and events. The story broadly follows the sequence of a chess game, but it is not a perfectly legal game by strict modern standards. White also makes several consecutive moves, and some listed chess details function symbolically rather than as literal moves.
A common mix-up is to associate Alice with the Red Queen because the Red Queen is one of her most important guides and opponents. In the chess framework, however, Alice belongs to White; the Red Queen is a separate character on the opposing side.