In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the sun god Shamash helps Gilgamesh and Enkidu defeat Humbaba.
Gilgamesh and Enkidu travel to the Cedar Forest to confront Humbaba, its terrifying guardian. Before and during the battle, Gilgamesh appeals to Shamash for assistance. The god sends powerful winds that hinder Humbaba and make it possible for the heroes to overpower him.
Shamash is the Mesopotamian god of the sun, justice, and divination. His role in the episode fits his wider character: he is a divine force who sees clearly, protects travelers, and supports justice. Gilgamesh’s relationship with Shamash is especially important because the hero repeatedly seeks the god’s protection during dangerous journeys.
Shamash should not be confused with Enki or Marduk, who are also major Mesopotamian gods but play different roles in the epic’s surviving traditions.