In Neal Shusterman’s novel Scythe, the organization that controls population growth is called the Scythedom.
Scythe, published in 2016, is set in a future where disease, hunger, aging, and accidental death have been eliminated. A benevolent artificial intelligence known as the Thunderhead manages society, but it cannot perform the deliberate killing needed to prevent overpopulation.
That task belongs to the Scythedom, an institution of trained scythes. Scythes are required to “glean,” the novel’s term for killing selected people, and they operate outside ordinary governmental systems. Citra Terranova and Rowan Damisch become apprentices to Scythe Faraday, bringing them into the organization’s political and ethical conflicts.
The Thunderhead is often mistaken for the name of the population-control organization because it governs almost every other part of society. In fact, it is a separate intelligence and the title of the second novel in the Arc of a Scythe series.