Soba noodles are traditionally eaten in Japan on New Year’s Eve as part of the toshikoshi soba custom.
“Toshikoshi soba” means “year-crossing buckwheat noodles.” The dish is commonly eaten on December 31, although recipes and serving styles vary by region and household. It may be served hot in broth or prepared in another local style.
The noodles are associated with longevity and resilience. Their length suggests a long life, while their relative ease of cutting is sometimes linked symbolically with leaving behind the hardships of the old year.
This custom is separate from osechi ryōri, the collection of special foods eaten during the first days of the New Year. Toshikoshi soba belongs specifically to the New Year’s Eve transition, before the first day begins.