In Greek mythology, which tree did Athena give to the city of Athens?

In Greek mythology, Athena gave the olive tree to the city of Athens.

Athena and Poseidon competed to become the patron deity of the powerful Greek city. According to the best-known version of the story, each god offered a gift. Poseidon struck the ground with his trident and produced a spring, or in some versions a horse. Athena planted an olive tree, whose useful fruit, oil, and wood made her gift more valuable to the citizens.

The Athenians chose Athena, and the city took the name Athens in her honor. The olive tree became central to Athenian identity, religion, agriculture, and economy. A sacred olive tree was traditionally maintained on the Acropolis in the sanctuary of Athena Polias.

This myth is often presented as a simple contest, but ancient sources vary in details such as Poseidon’s gift and the tree’s exact origin. The enduring point is consistent: Athena’s olive represented peace, prosperity, and practical civilization, while also linking the goddess to the city’s founding identity.