Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin had ten children, and seven survived to adulthood.
Their children were William, Anne, Mary, Henrietta, George, Elizabeth, Francis, Leonard, Horace, and Charles Waring. Three died before reaching adulthood: Mary Eleanor lived only a few weeks, Anne Elizabeth died at age ten, and Charles Waring died in infancy.
The loss of Anne in 1851 was especially painful for the family and deeply affected Darwin. His children also became part of his scientific world: he observed their development closely and later wrote about inherited traits, variation, and the possible effects of close family relationships.
The number is sometimes confused because “survived to adulthood” is different from “survived infancy.” Seven children lived into adulthood, while only three of the ten died young. Several of the seven survivors became notable in their own fields: George became an astronomer, Francis a botanist, Horace an engineer, and Leonard a soldier and politician.