How many children did Queen Victoria have?

Queen Victoria had nine children with her husband, Prince Albert. Their children were Victoria, Albert Edward, Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold and Beatrice, born between 1840 and 1857.

The family became one of the most influential royal families in Europe. Several children married into other ruling houses: Victoria became German empress and queen of Prussia, while Albert Edward later succeeded his mother as King Edward VII. Through these marriages and descendants, Victoria became known as the “grandmother of Europe.”

The number nine is sometimes confused with the number of grandchildren or with the royal family’s wider household. Victoria and Albert had 42 grandchildren, although not all survived childhood. Their descendants also carried haemophilia into several European royal families through Victoria’s daughter Alice and granddaughter Princess Alexandra of Hesse.

Victoria’s relationship with her children was complicated. She was devoted to some of them but could be demanding and emotionally distant, while Prince Albert took a strong role in their education and upbringing.