Nine Allied national representatives signed after MacArthur at Japan’s 1945 surrender ceremony.
The representatives signed for the United States, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. MacArthur had already signed as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
This produces an often-misunderstood total. There were nine national representatives after MacArthur, but MacArthur’s separate signature meant that ten Allied signatures appear on the instrument.
The arrangement reflected both coalition politics and military command. MacArthur represented the Allied command as a whole, while each national representative recorded the participation of a particular Allied government.