As of 2023, the estimated wild population of Javan rhinos was 76 animals.
All known wild Javan rhinos live in Ujung Kulon National Park on the western tip of Java, Indonesia. That makes the species exceptionally vulnerable: a single disease outbreak, natural disaster, or poaching incident could affect the entire remaining population. The Javan rhino is classified as Critically Endangered.
The estimate of 76 refers to the population count available around 2022–2023, not a permanently fixed total. Wildlife estimates can change as camera traps, field surveys, and investigations reveal new births or deaths. Later reports have raised concerns that poaching may have reduced the population, so the number should always be tied to its date.
Javan rhinos are also called lesser one-horned rhinos. They are distinct from greater one-horned rhinos and Sumatran rhinos, despite all three being Asian rhinoceroses. Unlike some other rhino species, Javan rhinos are not maintained in a substantial zoo-breeding population.