According to Priam in the Iliad, he had fifty sons before the Achaeans arrived at Troy.
Priam gives this figure in Book 24, when he begs Achilles to return Hector’s body. He says that nineteen sons were born to one mother, generally understood as Hecuba, while the rest were born to women of his household. The statement emphasizes both the size of Troy’s royal family and the scale of its losses.
Many of Priam’s sons are named in the poem or later Trojan traditions, including Hector, Paris, Deiphobus, Helenus, Troilus, Polydorus, and Lycaon. Homer does not provide a complete list, and later writers sometimes give different totals, including larger numbers.
The figure belongs specifically to Homer’s Iliad. It should not be confused with the number of Priam’s daughters, the number of Trojan princes who fought, or later genealogical traditions that expand the royal family. In the poem, Priam’s grief is personal: most of those fifty sons have been killed, and Hector is the last major defender of the city.