Who was the first martyr of the early Christian church?

Stephen was the first martyr of the early Christian church. He is traditionally called the protomartyr, meaning the first Christian martyr, and his death is described in Acts chapters 6 and 7.

Stephen was one of seven men chosen by the apostles to help distribute food and charitable aid in the Jerusalem church. He also preached publicly and was accused of blasphemy after arguing before religious authorities. According to Acts, he delivered a long defense of his faith and was then stoned to death.

The account places Saul of Tarsus, later known as Paul the Apostle, at the scene as a witness. Stephen’s final prayer for forgiveness echoes Jesus’ teachings and became central to his traditional image as a saint. His martyrdom is generally dated to the first century, though the exact year is uncertain. James, Peter, and Andrew were also important early Christian figures, but they were not the first martyr named in the New Testament church’s story.