Who is listed as the designer of Tunisia's national flag?

Hussein II is listed as the designer of Tunisia’s national flag.

Hussein II, the Bey of Tunis from the Husainid dynasty, decided to create a distinctive naval flag after Tunisia’s fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Navarino on 20 October 1827. The purpose was to distinguish Tunisian ships from other fleets using similar red maritime flags in the Mediterranean.

The flag’s red field contains a centered white disk with a red crescent and five-pointed star. Those symbols reflect Tunisia’s historical connections with the Ottoman world, although their meanings and uses developed over a much longer period than the modern flag itself.

The design was officially approved in 1831, though references differ over the exact adoption date, with some sources giving 1835. Tunisia retained the flag during the French protectorate, proclaimed it the republic’s state flag in 1959, and clarified its proportions and design by law in 1999. The wording “listed as the designer” points specifically to Hussein II rather than to a modern graphic artist.