Which Windows version was the last to run MS-DOS applications natively?

Which Windows version was the last to run MS-DOS applications natively? Windows 98 was the last option listed with full native DOS-mode support. Windows 98 could boot into real-mode MS-DOS, allowing programs that required direct hardware access to run outside the Windows graphical environment.

Windows 95 also provided this capability, but Windows 98 was its successor and retained the functionality, including the ability to restart into MS-DOS mode. This made it especially compatible with older DOS games, utilities, and applications.

Windows Me remained DOS-based internally, but Microsoft removed ordinary access to real-mode DOS to improve boot speed and reliability. It could still run many DOS programs through virtual DOS machines, and unofficial workarounds restored some real-mode functionality, but that is different from native support. Windows 2000 and Windows XP used the Windows NT architecture and ran DOS software through NTVDM emulation rather than an integrated MS-DOS environment.