Nem chua is the Vietnamese fermented pork sausage traditionally wrapped in banana leaves.
The mixture usually contains finely ground pork, pork skin, salt, sugar, garlic, chili, and fermented rice or roasted rice powder. It is wrapped and allowed to ferment for several days, during which lactic-acid bacteria create its characteristic tangy flavor and firm texture. The exact ingredients and fermentation time vary by region and producer.
Nem chua is commonly eaten as a snack or appetizer. It may be served in small rolls or slices with herbs, garlic, and chili. Because it is fermented rather than cooked in the usual way, safe preparation and controlled storage are important.
Nem chua should not be confused with chả lụa, a cooked Vietnamese pork sausage. The word nem can also refer to other preparations, so the full name is needed when identifying this fermented specialty.