Which U.S. trading venue was closed after the 1873 financial panic began?

The New York Stock Exchange was closed after the 1873 financial panic began.

The exchange shut for ten days in September 1873 as banking failures and a collapse in confidence disrupted financial markets. The immediate crisis was closely connected to the failure of Jay Cooke & Company, a major investment bank that had helped finance Northern Pacific Railway. When the firm failed, depositors and investors rushed to protect their money.

The panic also affected railroads, banks, and businesses across the United States and Europe. Trading resumed on September 30, but the financial shock contributed to a prolonged economic downturn commonly called the Long Depression. The crisis revealed how heavily the economy depended on railroad finance and speculative expansion.

The New York Stock Exchange’s closure is sometimes confused with later emergency shutdowns, especially the temporary closure during World War I in 1914. The 1873 closure was specifically a response to the financial panic and lasted ten days, making it a notable early example of an exchange halting trading during systemic stress.