Which U.S. stock exchange closed for the first time because of a financial crisis during the Panic of 1873?

The New York Stock Exchange closed for the first time because of a financial crisis during the Panic of 1873. It shut for ten days after the failure of Jay Cooke & Company triggered a severe banking panic.

Jay Cooke & Company had financed railroads, and its collapse damaged confidence in banks and railway securities. The exchange closure reflected the difficulty of settling trades and maintaining orderly markets while banks and brokers faced runs and liquidity shortages.

The 1873 closure was not the exchange’s only interruption in history. The NYSE also closed during later crises, including the Panic of 1914 and the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Its temporary shutdown in 1873 is notable because it showed how a banking failure could directly disrupt organized securities trading.