Which U.S. stock exchange closed for several days after the 1914 outbreak of World War I?

The New York Stock Exchange closed for several days after the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

The exchange shut on July 31, 1914, amid fears that wartime selling and disrupted international finance would cause disorderly markets. It reopened on December 12, 1914, after a lengthy suspension. The closure was unusually significant because it interrupted the normal trading of securities in the leading U.S. market.

The shutdown was not simply a response to a conventional stock-price crash. Governments and financial institutions were also concerned about gold flows, debt payments, and the ability of investors to settle transactions across borders during wartime. The exchange’s reopening helped restore organized trading, although financial conditions remained heavily shaped by the war.