Which U.S. president's 1933 bank holiday followed the Wall Street Crash and nationwide banking panic?

Franklin D. Roosevelt was the U.S. president whose 1933 bank holiday followed the Wall Street Crash and nationwide banking panic.

Roosevelt became president on March 4, 1933, during the Great Depression. On March 6, he declared a national bank holiday, temporarily closing banks and restricting transactions while the federal government examined their financial condition.

Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act during the closure. Banks that were judged sound reopened, while weaker institutions were reorganized or kept closed. Roosevelt explained the policy in his first radio fireside chat, helping restore public confidence in the banking system.

The bank holiday was not itself the 1929 stock-market crash. The crash began in 1929, while the bank holiday occurred more than three years later after bank failures, deflation, and withdrawals had deepened the depression. Roosevelt's administration then introduced broader New Deal financial reforms, including federal deposit insurance.