Which U.S. president signed the National Industrial Recovery Act during the Great Depression in 1933?

Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the National Industrial Recovery Act during the Great Depression in 1933.

Roosevelt signed the act on June 16, 1933, as part of the New Deal response to the economic crisis. The law sought to raise industrial wages and prices, reduce destructive competition, and coordinate recovery through industry codes. It also established the National Recovery Administration and supported public-works activity through the Public Works Administration.

The act represented a major expansion of federal involvement in the economy. Its labor provisions recognized collective bargaining and encouraged minimum wages and maximum hours in approved codes. However, the system of codes became complicated and was criticized for limiting competition.

In 1935, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States that the act was unconstitutional. Congress later passed other New Deal measures, including the Social Security Act and the National Labor Relations Act. The episode illustrates how governments experimented with policy during a severe recession.