Which U.S. president signed the Emergency Banking Act during the banking panic of 1933?

Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Emergency Banking Act during the United States banking panic of 1933.

Roosevelt became president on March 4, 1933, during a severe banking crisis. He called a national bank holiday, temporarily closing banks while the government examined their condition. Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act, which Roosevelt signed on March 9, allowing the Treasury and federal authorities to regulate reopening and support sound banks.

The measure was part of the early New Deal response to the financial collapse. Roosevelt also used radio addresses, later called fireside chats, to explain the banking system and encourage people to redeposit money in reopened banks.

This episode is connected to the aftermath of the 1929 Wall Street Crash but was not the same event. The 1933 crisis centered on bank failures and withdrawals, while the 1929 crash centered on a collapse in share prices. The reforms helped restore public confidence in the banking system.