Which U.S. president signed the 1933 law that created the federal bank-deposit insurance system after the crash era?

Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the 1933 law that created the federal bank-deposit insurance system after the crash era. The Banking Act of 1933 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, to insure eligible bank deposits.

The measure followed widespread bank failures during the Great Depression. Depositors had often lost money when banks collapsed, creating incentives for runs in which customers demanded cash at the same time. Deposit insurance was intended to protect small depositors and reduce the likelihood that fear would bring down otherwise viable banks.

The law also separated commercial and investment banking through provisions commonly associated with Glass-Steagall. Those separation rules were later weakened and ultimately repealed in important respects, while the FDIC continues to insure deposits within statutory limits.

This fact concerns a banking response to the stock-market crash era, not the identity of the president during the 1929 crash itself. Herbert Hoover was president when the market crashed in October 1929; Roosevelt took office in March 1933.