Which U.S. market index reached its 1929 peak on 3 September 1929?

The Dow Jones Industrial Average reached its 1929 peak on 3 September 1929.

The Dow was created by Charles Dow and Edward Jones and originally tracked a small group of major American companies. By 1929, it had become a widely followed measure of U.S. industrial share prices. Its peak on 3 September marked the high point of the long bull market of the 1920s.

The market then became increasingly unstable. After several sharp declines in October, panic selling accelerated on Black Thursday, 24 October, and Black Tuesday, 29 October. The Dow did not reach its ultimate low until July 1932, when it was far below the 1929 peak.

The 1929 crash did not by itself create every condition of the Great Depression. Bank failures, falling demand, debt, international trade problems, and policy decisions all contributed to the prolonged economic collapse. The Dow’s 3 September peak is nevertheless a precise landmark in the crash’s chronology.