Which U.S. market crash began on 9 March 2020 after oil-price tensions and growing COVID-19 fears?

The U.S. market crash that began on 9 March 2020 amid oil-price tensions and COVID-19 fears was the Stock market crash of 2020.

The sell-off followed growing concern that the emerging COVID-19 pandemic would disrupt travel, supply chains, employment, and consumer spending. A dispute between Saudi Arabia and Russia over oil-production policy added another shock when oil prices plunged in March. Equity markets around the world fell rapidly.

In the United States, the S&P 500 entered a bear market in March, meaning a decline of at least 20% from a recent closing high. Trading was halted several times by market-wide circuit breakers as prices moved sharply. Central banks and governments then introduced extraordinary monetary, fiscal, and public-health responses.

The market rebounded quickly from its March low compared with many earlier crashes, although the economic damage was severe and uneven. The crash is sometimes described simply as the COVID crash, but the oil-price dispute and pre-existing market conditions were also important parts of the story.