Which U.S. exchange was forced to close for ten days during the Panic of 1873?

The New York Stock Exchange was forced to close for ten days during the Panic of 1873.

The closure followed the failure of Jay Cooke & Company on September 18, 1873. The firm had been a major financier of government bonds and railway projects. Its collapse damaged confidence, and problems spread through banks, railroads, and investment houses.

The New York Stock Exchange suspended trading on September 20 and reopened on September 30, making the interruption last ten days. The closure was an attempt to limit disorder while financial institutions faced runs and investors struggled to find buyers.

The event occurred several months after the Vienna Stock Exchange crash that began the international crisis. It is therefore useful to distinguish the global Panic of 1873 from its American market episodes. The New York exchange closure was an emergency response to a liquidity and confidence crisis, not a permanent institutional shutdown.