Which UNESCO World Heritage Site in Peru contains the fifteenth-century Inca citadel above the Urubamba Valley?

The UNESCO World Heritage Site in Peru containing the fifteenth-century Inca citadel above the Urubamba Valley is the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.

Machu Picchu is an Inca royal and ceremonial complex in the Andes, built during the fifteenth century, probably under the ruler Pachacuti. Its carefully fitted stone buildings, terraces, plazas, and water channels occupy a mountain ridge above the Urubamba River. The site was abandoned or largely deserted during the Spanish conquest period and became widely known internationally after research and publicity in the early twentieth century.

UNESCO recognizes both its cultural and natural importance through the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. It is distinct from Cusco, the former Inca capital, which is separately listed. The sanctuary also protects high-altitude landscapes and habitats, including cloud-forest environments. UNESCO inscribed it in 1983.