Which trees' flowers are used for natural Holi colors?

The flowers of the tesu, or palash, tree are used for natural Holi colors. The tree is also called the flame of the forest, a name inspired by its vivid orange-red blossoms.

Traditionally, the flowers were dried or steeped in water to produce bright orange, reddish, or saffron-colored dye. Palash is associated with spring because it often blooms when its branches are covered in striking flowers and many other trees have not yet leafed out.

Tesu is not the only natural source used for Holi. Turmeric commonly provides yellow, indigo can create blue, beetroot can produce magenta, and henna leaves have been used for green shades. Marigold may also provide yellow, but it is not the classic tree flower identified with Holi colors.

Modern commercial gulal is often made with synthetic pigments, so “natural Holi colors” is an important qualifier. Traditional plant-based colors were valued not only for their appearance but also because ingredients such as palash, neem, turmeric, and sandalwood were associated with medicinal or skin-care properties.