Paulownia tomentosa is a tree species known for exceptionally rapid growth, with some specimens gaining over 3 metres in one year.
Paulownia tomentosa, commonly called the empress tree or princess tree, is native to central and eastern China. It has very large leaves, fragrant violet flowers, and lightweight wood. Young trees can grow extremely quickly under favorable conditions, particularly with adequate light, water, and fertile soil.
The species was introduced to many regions as an ornamental and timber tree. Its rapid growth and abundant seeds have also allowed it to become invasive in parts of North America and elsewhere. Not every paulownia reaches the same growth rate, so the figure refers to exceptional conditions rather than a universal annual performance.
Paulownia is sometimes confused with catalpa because both have large leaves. Catalpa flowers and fruits differ, however, and the two genera are not the same. Paulownia wood is used for furniture, boxes, instruments, and traditional products.