Which treaty was signed in 1919 to formally end the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers?

The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919 to formally end the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.

The treaty was signed on 28 June 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It came after the First World War armistice of 11 November 1918, which stopped the fighting but did not itself create a final peace settlement.

Versailles required Germany to accept responsibility for wartime damage under Article 231, commonly called the war guilt clause. It also imposed territorial changes, military restrictions, and reparations. The treaty created the League of Nations, although the United States Senate ultimately rejected American participation.

The treaty is often discussed as a cause of later European instability, but historians emphasize that the Second World War had multiple causes. Other postwar treaties dealt separately with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.