Which treaty formally ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized U.S. independence?

The Treaty of Paris (1783) formally ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized the United States as independent. Signed in Paris on September 3, 1783, it was negotiated between Great Britain and the United States.

The treaty recognized the Thirteen Colonies as free, sovereign, and independent states. It also established generous boundaries for the new nation, extending west to the Mississippi River, north to British North America, and south to Spanish Florida. American negotiators included Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, and Henry Laurens.

The Treaty of Paris was one part of the wider Peace of Paris, a group of agreements involving Britain, France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic. The separate treaties settled related conflicts among the European powers. Congress ratified the U.S.-British treaty on January 14, 1784, in Annapolis, Maryland.

A common mix-up is confusing this treaty with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which ended the French and Indian War, or the 1783 Treaty of Versailles, which involved Britain, France, and Spain.