Which treaty exiled Napoleon to Elba in 1814?

The treaty that exiled Napoleon to Elba in 1814 was the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

Negotiated after the Sixth Coalition captured Paris and forced Napoleon’s abdication, the agreement was concluded on 11 April 1814. Napoleon ratified it on 13 April. Austria, Russia, and Prussia accepted his abdication and arranged for Elba to become a separate principality under his sovereignty.

Napoleon was allowed to retain his imperial title and take a personal guard of 400 men. The treaty also provided financial and territorial arrangements for members of his family, including Empress Marie-Louise. These generous terms reflected the Allies’ attempt to end the war without turning Napoleon into a martyr.

A common mix-up is the Treaty of Paris, signed soon afterward. That treaty helped establish the broader peace settlement between France and the coalition powers; Fontainebleau specifically dealt with Napoleon’s abdication and exile. Napoleon escaped Elba in 1815, beginning the Hundred Days before his final defeat at Waterloo.