Which treaty ended the war between Sweden and the Holy Roman Empire?

The Treaty of Osnabrück ended the war between Sweden and the Holy Roman Empire. Signed in 1648 as part of the Peace of Westphalia, it brought Sweden and Emperor Ferdinand III, together with their allies, to a formal settlement after decades of conflict.

The Peace of Westphalia was not one single document but two related treaties. The Treaty of Osnabrück dealt chiefly with the Holy Roman Empire and Sweden, while the Treaty of Münster covered the empire’s settlement with France and its allies. The negotiations were held in separate cities partly because religious and political conditions differed between them.

The agreement recognized important Swedish gains, including Western Pomerania, Wismar, and the prince-bishoprics of Bremen and Verden. Sweden also received an indemnity and a seat in the Imperial Diet. The Treaty of Osnabrück is therefore the precise answer to this question; “Peace of Westphalia” is the broader name for the complete 1648 settlement. The Peace of Prague, signed in 1635, ended some earlier disputes but did not end the war.