Which treaty ended the Danish intervention in 1629?
Answer
Treaty of Lübeck
The Treaty of Lübeck ended the Danish intervention in the Thirty Years’ War in 1629.
Denmark-Norway entered the conflict under King Christian IV, who also ruled as a German prince through his possessions in the Holy Roman Empire. Imperial victories under Albrecht von Wallenstein and Catholic League forces forced Christian to seek peace. The resulting agreement was signed at Lübeck by Wallenstein and Christian IV on 22 May 1629 and ratified by Emperor Ferdinand II on 7 June.
The treaty restored Christian’s pre-war territories, but Denmark had to abandon its claims to several Lower Saxon bishoprics and withdraw from imperial affairs. Christian also agreed to end his alliances with northern German states. Unlike the later Peace of Westphalia, the Treaty of Lübeck was a settlement focused specifically on Denmark’s withdrawal from the war.
The agreement marked a serious setback for Denmark-Norway’s position as a major European power. Sweden soon replaced Denmark as the principal Scandinavian intervention force, landing in northern Germany in 1630 under Gustavus Adolphus.