Which three companies jointly own the Pokémon franchise's core business interests?

Nintendo, Creatures, and Game Freak jointly own the Pokémon franchise's core business interests.

Game Freak developed the original Pokémon games, Nintendo published them, and Creatures contributed to the franchise's trading-card development and related business. Their partnership forms the foundation of Pokémon's corporate structure.

The Pokémon Company manages the brand, including licensing, marketing, publishing, and production across games, cards, animation, films, and merchandise. It is not a fourth original owner replacing the three companies; it is the organization created to coordinate the franchise.

Other companies also work on particular Pokémon products. Niantic developed Pokémon Go, Wizards of the Coast originally published the English trading-card game, and OLM animated much of the television series. Those partnerships do not change the identity of the three core companies behind the franchise.