Which surrealist artist developed the 'paranoiac-critical method'?

Which surrealist artist developed the “paranoiac-critical method”? Salvador Dalí developed it in the early 1930s.

The method was Dalí’s attempt to turn paranoia’s associative logic into an artistic procedure. He was interested in how the mind could perceive meaningful connections between objects that were not rationally related. Artists using the method might deliberately cultivate ambiguous images that could be read in more than one way.

It became especially associated with Dalí’s double and multiple images, in which one visual arrangement can reveal another when viewed differently. The approach grew from broader Surrealist interest in dreams, unconscious thought and psychological states, and it had parallels with techniques such as Max Ernst’s frottage and Óscar Domínguez’s decalcomania.

A common mix-up is to credit André Breton, the movement’s principal theorist, because Breton praised the method as highly important and applicable beyond painting. Breton supported and publicized it, but Dalí was its developer. The method was also not simply a clinical description of paranoia; it was an artistic strategy for producing irrational yet deliberately structured images.