Which Spanish Baroque painter painted 'Portrait of Pope Innocent X'?

Diego Velázquez painted “Portrait of Pope Innocent X.” The oil portrait was created around 1650 during Velázquez’s second visit to Rome, where he portrayed Pope Innocent X, who reigned from 1644 to 1655.

The painting is celebrated for its direct realism. Rather than presenting the pope as a distant, idealized religious figure, Velázquez emphasized his sharp gaze, lined face, red garments, and psychologically forceful presence. The result is often described as one of the greatest portraits in Western art.

The original is housed in Rome’s Galleria Doria Pamphilj. A smaller version is held by New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, while a related study is displayed at Apsley House in London. A common mix-up is to confuse this work with Francis Bacon’s twentieth-century “Study after Velázquez’s Portrait of Pope Innocent X,” which is an homage, not the original.