Bolivia contains the ancient archaeological site of Tiwanaku.
Tiwanaku lies near the southern shore of Lake Titicaca, west of modern La Paz, at an altitude of roughly 3,850 metres. It was the political and spiritual centre of the Tiwanaku civilization, which flourished in the southern Andes before the rise of the Inca Empire.
The site is known for monumental stone architecture, including the Kalasasaya temple, the Sun Gate, and carved monolithic figures. Tiwanaku's builders developed sophisticated agricultural systems suited to the high-altitude environment, including raised fields that helped manage frost and water.
The ruins are sometimes confused with Machu Picchu, but they belong to different cultures and periods. Machu Picchu was built by the Inca in present-day Peru, whereas Tiwanaku is associated with a much earlier Andean civilization centred in present-day Bolivia. UNESCO added Tiwanaku to its World Heritage List in 2000.