Charlemagne’s son Pippin was crowned King of Italy in 781. He was born Carloman, but Pope Adrian I renamed him Pippin during his baptism in Rome and crowned him king of the Lombards, the kingdom Charlemagne had conquered in northern Italy.
Pippin was only about four years old at the time, so he ruled under the supervision of Frankish advisers rather than governing independently. His court operated mainly from Verona, Mantua, and Pavia, while Charlemagne retained strong authority over Italian affairs.
A common mix-up is Pippin’s name. Charlemagne also had an older son called Pippin the Hunchback, while the future King of Italy was originally named Carloman. The younger Pippin nevertheless became the established royal name. He later led military campaigns, including major Frankish operations against the Avars, and remained King of Italy until his death in 810.