Which scientist won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physics for creating quantum mechanics?

Werner Heisenberg won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physics for the creation of quantum mechanics.

Heisenberg developed matrix mechanics in 1925, one of the first complete mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics. His approach described measurable quantities such as energy and position using arrays of numbers called matrices.

The Nobel committee cited the creation of quantum mechanics and its application to the discovery of the allotropes of hydrogen. Heisenberg shared the broader development of quantum theory with other physicists, including Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Dirac, but the 1932 prize was awarded to Heisenberg alone.

He is also strongly associated with the uncertainty principle, introduced in 1927. That principle says certain pairs of physical quantities cannot both be known with unlimited precision, a concept often confused with the separate question of who created quantum mechanics.