Which Russian composer wrote 'Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor'?

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor.

Known as Op. 23, the concerto was composed between 1874 and 1875 and became one of the most recognizable works in the piano repertoire. It is written for solo piano and orchestra in three movements, combining brilliant virtuoso writing with lyrical melodies and powerful orchestral passages.

The work's early history was difficult. Tchaikovsky initially showed it to pianist Nikolai Rubinstein, who criticized the piece sharply. Tchaikovsky did not substantially rewrite it in response. German pianist and conductor Hans von Bülow accepted the dedication and gave the first performance in Boston on October 25, 1875. Rubinstein later changed his opinion and became one of the concerto's strongest champions.

Listeners sometimes remember the concerto mainly for its massive opening chords, but the piece also draws on a Ukrainian folk melody in its first movement. Tchaikovsky revised the concerto in 1879 and again in 1888; the later version is the one most commonly performed today.